Record group/Fonds 09, Series
1910-2007 - inclusive
The Social Service Department (SSD) at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) opened in 1907. (It was renamed the Department of Social Work (DSW) in 1961.) Trustee John M. Glenn and Dr. Charles P. Emerson, who had relationships with aid organizations across the city of Baltimore, played an important role in bringing the first social worker to JHH. The JHH was the first hospital in which a social service department was established by the administration itself, as an integral part of hospital service. Helen B. Pendleton, who previously worked as District Supervisor of the Charity Organization Society in Baltimore, acted as the first chief of Social Service from 1907 to 1908. From 1908 to 1909, Helen Skipworth Wilmer (Athey), a 1905 graduate of The Johns Hopkins Nurses’ Training School, served as department chief. Wilmer was succeeded by Margaret S. Brogden, who served in that capacity from 1908 to 1931. Brogden graduated from the Johns Hopkins Nurses’ Training School in 1899 and previously worked as a public health nurse with the Babies Milk Fund Association and Instructive Visiting Nurses Association (IVNA) of Baltimore. During her more than two decades as chief of the SSD, Brogden saw the department grow from one staff member to over thirty paid social workers and as many volunteers.
Historically, the SSD worked with clinics, departments, and facilities across the Hospital, including Department L (syphilis), Dermatology, Epilepsy clinic, Eye/Ophthalmological Clinic, General department, Gynecological/Obstetrical clinic, Harriet Lane Home (HLH) for Invalid Children, Laryngology, Library department, JHH Colored Orphan Asylum (COA), Medical Clinics/services, medical wards, Neurological Clinic, Orthopedic clinic, Pediatrics, Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, Phipps Tuberculosis Dispensary, Radium clinic, Rehabilitation, Surgical Clinic/Department, and Urology. Many of the early employees in the SSD were trained nurses. As the field of social work was further professionalized and more educational opportunities became available, staff often had undergraduate or graduate degrees from Schools of Social Work and were licensed by the state of Maryland. The University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Social Work opened in 1961.
Following Margaret Brogden’s retirement in 1931, the SSD went without a director or chief for several years. In 1938, the Women’s Auxiliary Board requested that Dr. G. Canby Robinson conduct a survey and evaluation of the SSD. Based on his findings that the department lacked an adequate staff and budget to meet professional standards, leadership hired a new chief in 1939. Amy Greene led the SSD from 1939 to 1947 and Helen Woods served as director from 1947 to 1960. When Woods resigned in 1960, JHH president Russell Nelson appointed a Committee on Social Work to explore the Hospital’s needs and desires for social services and to search for a new director. Addie Thomas was hired as chief of the renamed Department of Social Work in 1961 and served in that capacity until 1973. The Committee on Social Work continued to function in collaboration with the DSW director, with Victor McKusick serving as committee chair for more than a decade. Addie Thomas and subsequent directors were appointed as Assistant Professors of Social Work in the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) School of Medicine (SOM) to acknowledge their role in overseeing educational activities throughout the Department. Subsequent directors included Patricia Volland (1974-1982), Barbara Spence (1982-1985), Frances P. Lawrence (1985-1988), and Gerald Reardon (1988-1996).
The DSW was completely decentralized in 1996. By that point, the DSW was responsible for five units in the Hospital: Oncology; Psychiatry; HIV/AIDS; Medicine/Surgery; and Pediatrics/Ob-gyn. In 1996, the position of director of the overall DSW ended and a new system was put in place, with a director for each of the five units mentioned above; social work unit directors then reported to the medical director of each unit. Unit directors sat on the Social Work Council, which was “charged with the responsibility to uphold the social work and Hospital missions by establishing and maintaining standards and ensuring that professional activities such as quality improvement, risk management, recruitment, training and regulatory compliance are viable in the profession across the institution.” The chair of the Social Work Council was charged with reporting social work issues directly to the JHH executive leadership.
When the SSD opened in 1907, it was partly to address the needs of Baltimore’s poor, increasingly immigrant population who often had additional concerns beyond the physical care they received from physicians and nurses. Writing about the new department in 1908, JHH Director Henry Hurd noted that “when the care of the hospital is withdrawn and the patients return to their homes, they frequently lose the benefit which they receive, because of bad social conditions, lack of proper food and improper hygienic surroundings.” Medical social workers acted as a liaison between the patient/family, Hospital staff, and available services and support. Social workers saw patients at the Hospital’s outpatient clinics and dispensaries, but also made home visits. They received referrals from in and outside the Hospital for patients in a variety of circumstances – some patients had employment or financial concerns; some needed help understanding their condition and implementing the recommended treatment; some needed additional support and resources in order to leave their homes to enter the hospital or a sanitorium; some needed help getting equipment, such as orthopedic braces. In 2007, the DSW noted that some of the major needs they addressed were “Adolescent pregnancy, care of the terminally ill, child and adult abuse, rehabilitation of cancer patients, low income families, and the elderly.” Many of these needs were similar to those faced by social workers and their patients in the first half of the twentieth century.
Source:Johns Hopkins Hospital. Department of Social Service