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Collection HarWM : William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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Administrative/Biographical History
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Miriam Pauls Hardy was born Miriam Dorothy Pauls on February 4, 1912 in St. Louis, Missouri. She received her A.B. from Harris Teachers College, St. Louis in 1932, A.M. from Wayne State University in 1939, and Ph.D. from Northwestern in 1949. She additionally completed graduate work at the Central Institute for the Deaf, which shared an affiliation with Washington University in St. Louis. Prior to arriving at Johns Hopkins, she taught at the New Jersey School for the Deaf, was an instructor in special education at Michigan State Normal College and a clinical supervisor of hearing therapy in the Special Education Clinics at Indiana State Teachers College. During the Second World War, Hardy joined the Navy’s WAVES as a Lieutenant stationed at the speech and hearing rehabilitation center at the Naval Hospital in Philadelphia, where she met lifelong colleagues William G. Hardy and Harriet L. Haskins. Miriam married William on August 3, 1960. Following her wartime service, she returned to Northwestern to complete her doctorate and arrived at Hopkins in 1949 to commence work as an audiologist for the Hearing and Speech Center at the Johns Hopkins Hospital – the first hearing and speech center affiliated with a Medical School in the United States – with William G. Hardy and Harriet L. Haskins. The three later became known as H. H. & H.
Miriam Hardy held appointments in each of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Beginning in 1949, she held appointments as Assistant Professor in the School of Hygiene and Public Health’s Division of Audiology and Speech (renamed the Division of Communicative Science in 1970), Assistant Professor of Laryngology and Otology in the School of Medicine, and Audiologist in the Hearing and Speech Center, located in a wing of the Harriet Lane Home at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 1956, she became Associate Professor in the Schools of Medicine and Hygiene and Public Health. She assumed the status of Associate Professor Emeritus in the Schools of Medicine and Hygiene and Public Health in 1977.
As an audiologist, language and speech pathologist, and advocate, Hardy’s approach drew on medicine, education, and outreach. Her research, publications, and public presence helped to alter expert consensus on deafness and hearing-impairment by demonstrating that hearing impairment occurred along a spectrum and should be viewed as a preventable disease. Her work with children, early detection, and education challenged trends of classifying hearing-impaired youths as mentally deficient or incorrigible. This work additionally helped to construct hearing impairment as a multifaceted communicative disorder, with an emphasis on language and speech development in early childhood as essential to the treatment and prevention of hearing impairment. Her contributions were recognized nationally and internationally.
She maintained multiple external affiliations throughout her career, most importantly serving as a consultant to the Maryland State Departments of Health and Education and the American Speech and Hearing Association, and as a member of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf.
Miriam and William Hardy were particularly recognized for their collaborative contributions to scientific knowledge and public awareness of deafness and hearing-impairment. As both a married and professional couple, the Hardys worked as a team throughout their careers, operating as a dynamic force in the field through their research, clinical practice, and outreach.
William G. Hardy was born on October 7, 1910 in Cleveland, Ohio. Hardy received his Ph.B. in English (speech), political science and history from Brown University in 1931, his A.M. in English and linguistics from New York University in 1933, and his Ph.D. in rhetoric, speech science, and linguistics from Cornell University in 1943. From 1945 to 1947, Hardy served in the US Naval Hospital in Philadelphia as Director of Aural and Speech Rehabilitation, where he met lifelong colleagues Miriam D. Pauls and Harriet L. Haskins. Hardy married Pauls on August 3, 1960. The three became known as H. H.& H. through their joint clinical and advocacy efforts at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Hearing and Speech Center.
Hardy held appointments in each of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Arriving at Hopkins in 1947, he held the position of Associate Professor of Laryngology and Otology and Director of Aural and Speech Rehabilitation within the School of Medicine. In July of that year, Hardy was appointed to a directorship the Hearing and Speech Center, located in a wing of the Harriet Lane Home at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The center opened in the summer of 1948. Hardy drew upon his wartime naval experience to found the center and was soon thereafter joined by Pauls and Haskins in 1949. The center was the first hearing and speech clinic affiliated with a medical school in the United States. He served in his role as its Director until 1975, and was succeeded by Hiroshi Shimizu. Beginning in 1949, Hardy jointly held the position of Associate Professor in the Division of Audiology and Speech through the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health’s Department of Physiological Hygiene, and was promoted to Professor in 1966. In 1970 under his direction, the division was renamed the Division of Communicative Science and moved to the Department of Public Health Administration. Hardy was appointed Head of that division until 1979, when he assumed the status of Professor Emeritus of Public Health Services Administration until his death in 1980. In 1976 he became as Associate Professor Emeritus of Laryngology and Otology, retiring from that position in 1978.
Hardy’s role at Hopkins was to integrate teaching, research, and clinical experience to generate social applications. His work was recognized nationally and internationally. As an audiologist and advocate, Hardy’s major contributions to the field of audiology included raising awareness about the problems of licensure and accountability within the profession of audiology, the need for mandatory screening of young children, and the therapeutic effects of education. Throughout his career he sought to bring together medicine, education, and outreach. His research, publications, and public presence helped to alter the field’s consensus on deafness and hearing-impairment by demonstrating that hearing impairment occurs along a variable spectrum, and that the brain – not the ears – is responsible for hearing. His work with children, early detection and education challenged trends of classifying hearing-impaired youths as mentally deficient or incorrigible. This work helped to construct hearing impairment as a multifaceted communicative disorder, emphasizing language and speech development in early childhood as essential to the treatment and prevention of hearing impairment.
He maintained many external affiliations in the capacities of leadership, membership, and consulting throughout his career, including the Alexander Graham Bell Association, the American Speech and Hearing Association, the U.S. Children’s Bureau, the Maryland State Health Department, and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke.
William and Miriam Hardy were particularly recognized for their collaborative contributions to scientific knowledge and public awareness of deafness and hearing-impairment. As both a married and professional couple, the Hardys worked as a team throughout their careers, operating as a dynamic force in the field through their research, clinical practice, and outreach.
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The William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection documents the role the Hardys played as audiologists in the identification and treatment of people, particularly children, with communicative disorders. Collection materials document the Hardys teaching and research as faculty members in the Department of Otolaryngology at the School of Medicine and within the School of Hygiene and Public Health. The collection contains records from the Hearing and Speech Center of the Johns Hopkins Hospital where the Hardys conducted their clinical work. There are also materials from the Evening College and Summer Session and records from the Hearing and Speech Center of the John F. Kennedy Institute. An extensive set of files document Miriam and William Hardy’s active involvement as leaders, committee members, and consultants for the leading professional societies and organizations in their field. There are also materials pertaining to the numerous conferences the Hardys attended or coordinated, as well as their talks and lectureships. There are many awards and tributes the Hardys received for their contributions to the field. Personal and family materials include correspondence related to their 1960 marriage and the deaths of William Hardy and Miriam Hardy's mother Amelia Pauls. Finally the collection contains series of publication files, photographs, and audio tapes.
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Related Archival Material
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Architectural drawings by the architect James R. Edmunds, Jr. of the Hearing and Speech Center have been transferred from the Hardy Collection to the Architectural Drawings Collection. Materials include one drawing of Pavilion B second floor of the Harriet Lane Home, dated 1947, the original site of the Hearing and Speech Center, and several architectural drawings of the expanded facilities on the 4th floor of the Carnegie Dispensary Building. These drawings are dated 1959-1960 and include the E.N.T. Department, audiometric examination rooms, arrangement of the audiometric testing and control rooms, and the Hearing and Speech Clinic.
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Conditions Governing Access Element
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This collection contains some restricted records. Materials pertaining to patients, students, employees, and human research subjects, as well as recent administrative records, carry restrictions on access. Information identifying restricted documents and folders is noted on folder records throughout the collection. Researchers would need to obtain individual authorizations or waivers of authorizations for access and use of protected health information and medical records. For more information about the policies and procedures for access, see the Archives Policy on Access and Use.
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Use/Reproduction Restrictions
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When citing material from this collection, credit The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. For permission to reproduce images, contact the holder of the copyright.
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The papers of William G. Hardy and of Miriam Pauls Hardy were intermixed at the time the archives obtained the collection. It is not always possible to tell which records pertain to Miriam and which to William Hardy and many of the materials concern projects they worked on together. Consequently, instead of two separate collections their records have been kept together as one collection.
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The William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection was organized and catalogued by Linda Klouzal and Kate Sohasky in 2013-2014 with assistance from student assistants Dana Ettinger, Barbara Holt, Richard Skelton, and Katherine Smoak. The project was supported by a Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, through a program administered by the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). Phoebe Evans Letocha served as the grant's Principal Investigator at the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives.
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Collection was donated to Johns Hopkins University by the estate of Miriam Pauls Hardy.
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| 1- Biographical and Personal Files | 205008 | 1943, 1953-1955, 1933, 1964-1987, 1950-1951, 1998-1999, 1993, 1960, 1989-1990 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 2- Correspondence Files | 205240 | 1949, 1962-1963, 1951-1952, 2003, 1993, 1966-1984, 1954-1958, 1986, 2006-2008, 1960 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 3- Johns Hopkins Institutional Records | 204937 | 1940-1999, 1928 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 4- External Institutional Affiliations Files | 205746 | 1949-1990, 1875 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 5- Conferences, Symposia, Talks, and Visiting Lectureship Files | 205639 | 1950-1981 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 6- Research Files | 206722 | 1942-1991 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 7- Publication Files | 201195 | 1938-1981 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 8- Photographs | 205671 | 2005-2006, 1930-1990 | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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| 9- Sound Recordings | 212184 | 1972; undated | Series |
CollectionHarWM- William George Hardy and Miriam Pauls Hardy Collection
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